Leadership Theories

Theorists have formulated several leadership theories in the past. Leadership styles and theories which were used several years ago are not the same as the ones used today. Hernsey and Blenchard’s theory of situational leadership allows leaders to adopt various leadership styles that match with development levels of their followers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Theories specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Leaders adopt leadership styles which are dependent on readiness and willingness of their followers to perform required tasks. When followers are not mature, their competence and motivation of is low, but it increases as they mature (Hernsey and Blenchard, 1976). According to McGregory (1960), theory X and theory Y assumptions encompasses style, behavior, situation, and adaptation to the situation. These theories resulted in development of other situational theories. Fried Fielder’s (196 7) contingency theory argues that there is no one best way of leading. It identifies situations when task-oriented approach is more effective, and when a relationship style would be more productive. Fielder concluded that task-oriented leaders are effective when conditions are either â€Å"very favorable for the leader or which are very unfavorable for the leader† (Fiedler, 1967, p.13). When situation is favorable, members are ready and willing to work because their leaders support job performance. When conditions are unfavorable, group members will need to remain goal-oriented for them to achieve any success. In stressful situations, a leader’s structure and control can remove undesirable ambiguity and the anxiety that goes with it (Fielder, 1967). In Hersey/Blanchard theory of situational leadership model, there is no best way to lead. Leaders must be able to adapt to situations and modify their leadership style to be more effective. The level of maturity of a group will determine the most effective leadership style (Hersey and Blanchard, 1976). A leader assesses maturity of a group to come up with the amount of guidance needed. Immature group requires direction and goal-oriented behavior from their leader. At this stage, task-oriented leadership is required since followers are eager to accept guidance when they feel uncertain about a task. As a group matures, it builds a relationship with its leader.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Task-related behavior decrease as relationship behavior takes charge. A two-way communication develops and members are involved by their leader in decision making. As maturity increases, the leader delegates responsibility to the next step in the process (Hersey and Blanchard, 1976). In contingency theory, leadership style is determined by situations and can only be changed based on the relationship between members and their leaders. A leader can adopt a leadership style and use it as situation may demand. On the other hand, Hersey/Blanchard theory of situational leadership model depends on maturity of group members for a leadership style. Immature group requires close guidance and one-way communication where the members are told what to do, when and how they do it. Leadership style changes to a relationship when a group is mature enough. The style later changes to a two-way communication where members are involved in decision making and responsibilities delegated. Role of Leaders in Organizational Ethics Leaders play an important role in developing ethical business organizations. If a manager does not portray a positive behavior, other employees are likely to follow suit and business organization become unethical. Leaders should use idealistic visions and persuasive communication styles to motivate their followers. Ethical behaviors have a role in credibility, and the ability of leade rs to have a positive influence on their followers (Piccolo et al. 2010). Ethical leadership captures employees’ perceptions of ethical behavior inferred from leader’s conduct. When leaders demonstrate a normative appropriate conduct through personal actions and interpersonal relationships, and promote such conduct to their followers through communication, reinforcement and decision making, the result is ethical organization. Trustworthy leaders are proactive and are expected to increase cooperation among employees to promote organizational identification. This will have a positive improvement in performance and ethics in a business organization. Ethical leadership increases organizational identification.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Theories specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Organizations which have leaders with poor ethics rank poorly in public and this may have a negative effect on business (Walumbwa et al. 2010). Exchange of positive behaviors between ethical leaders and members through trust, open communication, information sharing and liking of followers, contribute to ethical behavior in an organization. According to Bandura (1977), leaders influence their followers by way of modeling process. This is one of the most powerful ways of transmitting values, attitudes and behaviors. Employees learn how to do something by observing their leaders. Leaders can be good models by virtue of their assigned roles, their status, success in the organization and the power to affect the behavior and outcomes of their followers in an organization (Bandura, 1977). Leaders act as role models to their junior employees. Even when other employees do not envy their leader, portraying ethical behavior will ensure that all employees emulate deeds of their leaders. Leaders who are not honest or trustworthy are likely to encourage dishonesty and lack of trust among their followers. Leaders gain trust of their followers when they act in a generally acceptable and consistent manner regarding how leaders should behave in a workplace. References Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Fiedler, F.E. (1967). A Theory of Leadership Effectiveness. New York: Mcgraw-Hill. Hersey, P., Blanchard, K. (1972). Management of Organizational Behavior: Utilizing Human Resources (2nd ed.) New Jersey: Prentice Hall.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Mcgregor, D. (1960). The Human Side of Enterprise. New York: Mcgraw-Hill. Piccolo, R. F., Greenbaum, R., Hartog, D.N., Folger, R. (2010). The Relationship between Ethical Leadership and Core Job Characteristics. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31, 259–278. Walumbwa, F.O., Mayer, D.M., Wang, P., Wang, H., Workman, K., Christensen, A.L. (2010). Linking Ethical Leadership to Employee Performance: The Roles of Leader–Member Exchange, Self-Efficacy, and Organizational Identification. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 115, 204–213. This essay on Leadership Theories was written and submitted by user Johnny Harvey to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Un-Answered Issues With Autobiographical Essay Samples for College Uncovered

Un-Answered Issues With Autobiographical Essay Samples for College Uncovered The Dirty Truth on Autobiographical Essay Samples for College The author starts with a rather thorough story of an event or description of an individual or place. Writing an essay is a vital role in academe life. If you are searching for sample autobiography essay, you will most likely discover a lot of them in Internet. Every paragraph must cover one particular topic in making the circulation of the essay smooth. A very simple counter argument essay sample isn't only user friendly but limits the odds of making many mistakes by a vast percentage. An essay has to be composed of an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. In addition, the writing norms and specified format is going to be taken into consideration whilst performing the undertaking. The One Thing to Do for Autobiographical Essay Samples for College High school graduates and other students wishing to follow a college education need to compose a personal statement for college to be thought about for college admission. Research on the topic matter if you discover that it's necessary. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline. They must make sure that their topic will meet the word limit. Ok, I Think I Understand Autobiographical Essay Samples for College, Now Tell Me About Autobiographical Essay Samples for College! There's, obviously, a limit on the range of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. Paragraph 4 considers several explanations for why river clean-up plans might not be successful (the plans could be nothing more than campaign promises or funding might not be adequate). In conclusion, it looks like assignment essays continue to get a prominent part in tertiary education as an assessment tool. Listed below are the many ways we've designed our site to handle the ch allenges of crafting excellent papers. Personal Statement Writing Steps Outline the whole structure of your essay, make sure you have a very clear theme. Learning from examples is among the perfect ways in regards to writing articles. Students have to compose essays based on the teacher's instructions or their preferred style in writing. Essay writing is normally practiced is schools. When you are requested to compose an essay, attempt to locate some samples (models) of similar writing and learn how to observe the craft of the writer. A superb essay should have essential points. Writing a scholarship essay may not be a very simple endeavor for many students. If you are in possession of a crystal clear essay, readers will understand easily what you would like to tell. You've got a guide and get ideas about what to do with your essay. With thorough research, the author can get erudite about the subject, which of course will boost an essay. Sample of the way to compose an essay outline to show you just how to compose an essay outline here is a good example of the format. If you're to really gain from model essays, you want to understand how to read the techniques of the writer'. As a writer, you compose an essay for a particular purpose. So you've been assigned with a persuasive essay but you need no clue what it appears like. Bridget's essay is quite strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. Stephen's essay is quite effective. A good example essay will allow it to be feasible to analyze essay structure and outlines in addition to writing and reference stylethere are certain things which make a persuasive essay. All About Autobiographical Essay Samples for College Such essay samples function as a guidance material that permits the students to prepare impressive essay drafts. It is preferable to look at the guidelines for elongated essay as you get advice on what you will need to prevent. Also, you can look for sample expository essay topics so you will be aware of what to research and that which you will deal with. As soon as you've determined the goal of your essay, you're know what information has to be included and the way that it has to be presented. The samples w ill provide you with ideas on the way you answer the questions offered to you. After which, it's going to be simpler for you to begin. All the reference items begin with the title of the information supply.

Contemporary Topics Part 4: Secrets of Adventure

Contemporary Topics Part 4: Secrets of AdventureThe fourth part of Gulliver's Travels was a highly controversial book. This is primarily because the author chose to alter the format of his narrative and have a different kind of narrative. I will try to avoid being too biased by making this statement.In most modern versions of Gulliver's Travels, the main character of the book is believed to be quite ordinary - it seems that the author has been thinking of this idea for quite some time. We have travelled to Australia, to America, to Europe, through Asia, to Egypt, Persia, China, through different countries in Africa and finally we arrive at the most exotic place of all - the mythical land of New Zealand.The new edition of Gulliver's Travels is considered to be much more thrilling and exciting. When we set off our first voyage to New Zealand, we are told that the adventure will be the greatest of all because of the varied landscapes and other natural splendours of the place. The landsc ape is referred to as 'spiked by deserts, glaciers, mountains, jungle and thousands of flowers'. It is quite obvious that the author had a very specific idea of how this journey should go.If Gulliver was to write his autobiography in present day terms, he would probably refer to himself as a tourist rather than an adventurer. One could argue that tourism is less adventurous than an expedition into uncharted territory. The places visited are not as unknown as they once were. For example the flora and fauna in New Zealand were not used to the range of insects and other animals at their disposal.The first part of Gulliver's Travels is similar to that in most contemporary versions. The travellers are presented as those who just want to experience a good time and let nature take its course. The next part is a far cry from this.In modern Gulliver's Travels, the adventures of the travellers are based on people who wish to travel for the sheer pleasure of it. For example, a beach walk in Co sta Blanca, an African safari in Botswana, a safari in an ice field in Antarctica, a trip through Russia where no-one has ever been, are just some of the adventures that the author has in mind for the modern reader.In the modern times, the author was allowed to portray the whole range of the adventure of Gulliver's Travels. Thus there was a special place for women, various interests and the likes. In fact, women will have a special place in the newly revised version of Gulliver's Travels.In the newest version of Gulliver's Travels, the author has included a special feature called 'Secrets of Adventure' to satisfy the demand of the adventure seeker. These secrets are all about how to make the most of any adventure and give a full-fledged chase to each new adventure. All readers of Gulliver's Travels will find these secrets beneficial.

Research Papers on Tobacco - Where to Look

Research Papers on Tobacco - Where to LookThe search for good research papers on tobacco is a long one and difficult to accomplish as the topic is a sensitive one. Before attempting to do this type of research, however, it is important to understand the data base.The very first problem that you will encounter is in the determination of whether or not the data that you are searching for is actually research papers on tobacco. As there are so many issues involved with this subject, including current laws and statistics on usage and addiction, it may not be easy to determine where to look. Not only will your research be worthless but it can be highly misleading to those who have an axe to grind against the use of tobacco.To begin with, the primary source of research papers on tobacco is a study called the Denison University Survey, which is conducted on a sample of high school students in North Carolina. This survey was a phone survey and the subjects were asked questions about their sm oking habits, cigarette type, amount smoked per day, the age at which they started smoking, etc. They were also asked about their daily habits, such as their routine, their mental health, and more. The questions were very specific and were designed by experts in the field.In the years that followed the sample was repeated again, and this was the basis for all of the data collected on tobacco, including whether or not people were addicted to tobacco. The second data set, the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, collected data from more than two thousand adults. For the most part, the questions asked the same as the Denison University Survey, but did have additional questions regarding substance abuse and alcohol use.There are other research papers that used the Denison University database to gather the information for the purpose of measuring whether there were differences between men and women in terms of tobacco use. These papers typically have one hundred twenty or more respons es from different areas of the country, depending on the study's focus.It is important to note that it is not the Denison data that are relevant to your data analysis. If you are interested in data about drug use, you need to look elsewhere, such as the NSDUH.After you have the data for all of the research papers on tobacco you can begin your analysis. Some of the data you will see will include answers from more than one state. The significance of this is to get a general view of how tobacco usage is distributed across the country, and to see if there are any trends.

Film Analysis Essay Paper Sample PDF - How to Create a High Quality Final Exam

Film Analysis Essay Paper Sample PDF - How to Create a High Quality Final ExamAfter all the hype about the new style of film and television courses you need to create a film analysis essay paper sample PDF for a final exam. In high school, it might be a hard concept to grasp. Some of these classes may include the concepts of film history and filmmaking.You may have several different kinds of subjects in your essay, such as, scenes, voice overs, special effects, and camera work, but many will be more interested in visual effects in a film. Well, I am sure you are a great filmmaker, but you will need to learn the basics of film analysis first, before you can put together a quality film analysis essay sample PDF.First of all, you need to look up your film. You need to take a good look at the box cover, the running time, the credit sequence, and the synopsis. Read the movie review, especially the reviews from professionals who saw the film several times before they passed judgement.The n ext step in your film analysis essay is to write the screenplay and schedule a meeting with the film critic. If you are lucky, you will get an in depth discussion of how the screenplay should be adjusted, and why you have not used the best possible script formatting.After reading the screenplays you want to examine the effects of screenwriting, rewriting, staging, lighting, camera work, and the music. It is not a secret that any film needs some of these qualities. Now, your film analysis essay PDF will show you how to put these elements together to create a strong narrative and cinematic world.It is important to note that if you only go through this process on a critical viewing of the film, it will be difficult to analyze how your film is constructed. If you have little or no experience with screenwriting, you will need to have another good friend take the role of a critical viewer to help you put together a screenplay that will meet the requirements of your film analysis essay PDF .The final step in the process is to add your script to the critical viewing and critique. Remember, your entire piece of film analysis paper PDF is the product of the friends and critics critiquing your script. The goal is to present the piece of film analysis essay PDF as a whole and not the parts separately.